Officers of the 31st Indiana Vol. Inf. | |||||||
Last Name | First Name | Residence | Date of Commision | Date of Muster | Rank | Company | Remarks |
Cruft | Charles | Terre Haute | 09/02/61 | 09/20/61 | Colonel | ---- | Promoted 07/16/1862 Brigadier Gen. U.S. Vols. |
Osborn | John | Bowling Green | 07/17/62 | 07/17/62 | Colonel | ---- | Resigned 07/14/1863. |
Smith | John T. | Bloomfield | 07/15/63 | 07/27/63 | Colonel | ---- | Resigned 03/12/1865. |
Hallowell | James R. | Bellmore | 03/12/65 | ---- | Colonel | ---- | ---- |
Osborn | John | Bowling Green | 09/06/61 | 09/20/61 | Liet. Col. | ---- | Promoted Colonel |
Smith | Charles M. | Terre Haute | 07/17/62 | 07/17/62 | Liet. Col. | ---- | Resigned 02/10/1863. |
Smith | John T. | Bloomfield | 02/11/63 | 02/18/63 | Liet. Col. | ---- | Promoted Colonel. |
Neff | Francis L. | Sullivan | 07/15/63 | 07/27/63 | Liet. Col. | ---- | Killed near Atlanta, Ga. |
Fairbanks | William H. | Terre Haute | 06/26/64 | ---- | Liet. Col. | ---- | Resigned as Major; re-entered. as Col. 149th |
Hollowell | James R. | Bellmore | 09/24/64 | 11/12/64 | Liet. Col. | ---- | Promoted Colonel. |
Grimes | Silas | Bloomington | 03/13/65 | ---- | Liet. Col. | ---- | ----- |
Arn | Frederick | Montezuma | 10/21/61 | 11/01/61 | Major | ---- | Killed at Shiloh, 04/06/1862. |
Smith | Charles M. | Terre Haute | 05/07/62 | 05/07/62 | Major | ---- | Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. |
McCalla | Henry L. | Bloomington | 10/02/62 | ---- | Major | ---- | Dismissed as Captain 11/24/1862. |
Smith | John T. | Bloomfield | 12/21/62 | 12/21/62 | Major | ---- | Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. |
Neff | Francis L. | Sullivan | 02/11/63 | 02/18/63 | Major | ---- | Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. |
Fairbanks | William H. | Terre Haute | 07/16/63 | 09/06/63 | Major | ---- | Resigned 09/23/1864. |
Hallowell | James R. | Bellmore | 06/27/64 | 06/27/64 | Major | ---- | Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. |
Grimes | Silas | Bloomington | 11/22/64 | 01/07/65 | Major | ---- | Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. |
Reed | Craven P. | Sullivan | 09/13/61 | 09/20/61 | Adjutant | ---- | Promoted Captain Co. "K." |
Neff | Francis L. | Sullivan | 05/19/62 | 05/18/62 | Adjutant | ---- | Promoted Captain Co. "D." |
Rose | Allen T. | Spencer | 10/02/62 | 10/02/62 | Adjutant | ---- | Resigned 01/23/1863. |
Noble | George M. | Greencastle | 01/24/63 | 01/24/63 | Adjutant | ---- | Promoted Captain Co. "C." |
Meacham | John F. | ---- | 10/15/64 | 11/11/64 | Adjutant | ---- | ---- |
Wood | Levi | Indianapolis | 08/26/61 | 09/20/61 | Qtr Master | ---- | Resigned 04/07/1862. |
Beeler | James C. | Terre Haute | 04/26/62 | 04/26/62 | Qtr Master | ---- | Resigned 06/17/1865. |
Carter | Charles M. | Bowling Green | 06/18/65 | ---- | Qtr Master | ---- | ---- |
Gilmore | Hiram | Greencastle | 09/05/61 | 09/20/61 | Chaplain | ---- | Mustered out 09/20/1864. |
Hamilton | James B. | ---- | 10/24/64 | 11/12/64 | Chaplain | ---- | ---- |
Armstrong | James B. | ---- | 10/22/61 | 11/01/61 | Surgeon | ---- | Discharged 03/14/1863. |
Hendricks | William C. | Ladoga | 03/15/63 | 05/18/63 | Surgeon | ---- | Resigned 0510/1864;reentered as Surg. 149th. |
McKinney | Asa W. | Owensburg | 05/11/64 | 09/13/64 | Surgeon | ---- | ---- |
Hendricks | William C. | Ladoga | 10/22/61 | 11/01/61 | Asst Surg. | ---- | Promoted Surgeon. |
Fisher | Samuel | Greencastle | 04/23/62 | ---- | Asst Surg. | ---- | Pro tem. Add'l Ass't Surgeon. |
Wright | S. M. | Terre Haute | 04/24/62 | ---- | Asst Surg. | ---- | Pro tem. Add'l Ass't Surgeon. |
Morgan | James H. | Terre Haute | 09/22/62 | ---- | Asst Surg. | ---- | Resigned 12/09/1863. |
McKinney | Asa W. | Owensburg | 05/19/63 | 05/29/63 | Asst Surg. | ---- | Promoted Surgeon. |
Merritt | N. P. | ---- | 09/06/64 | 10/31/64 | Asst Surg. | ---- | ---- |
Arn | Frederick | Montezuma | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | A | Promoted Major. |
Beadle | William H. | Rockville | 11/09/61 | 11/09/61 | Captain | A | Resigned 02/09/1862. |
Waterman | Richard M. | Lodi | 04/01/62 | 05/03/62 | Captain | A | Resigned 09/10/1864. |
Ford | Augustus C. | Montezuma | 09/26/11 | 11/01/64 | Captain | A | Resigned 06/01/1865. |
Waterman | Robert H. | Lodi | 06/01/65 | 06/19/65 | Captain | A | ---- |
Beadle | William H. | Rockville | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Liet. | A | Promoted Captain. |
Waterman | Richard H. | Lodi | 11/09/61 | 12/01/61 | 1st Liet. | A | Promoted Captain. |
Lowrey | William S. | Montezuma | 04/01/62 | ---- | 1st Liet. | A | Resigned as 2d lieutenant. |
Ford | Augustus C. | Montezuma | 04/20/62 | 05/03/62 | 1st Liet. | A | Promoted Captain. |
Waterman | Robert H. | Lodi | 09/11/64 | 11/01/64 | 1st Liet. | A | Promoted Captain. |
Aye | Vinal S. | Montezuma | 06/01/65 | 06/19/65 | 1st Liet. | A | ---- |
Waterman | Richard M. | Lodi | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | A | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Lowrey | William S. | Montezuma | 04/01/62 | ---- | 1st Liet. | A | Resigned as 2d Lieutenant. |
Ford | Augustus C. | Montezuma | 04/20/62 | 05/03/62 | 1st Liet. | A | Promoted Captain. |
Waterman | Robert H. | Lodi | 09/11/64 | 11/01/64 | 1st Liet. | A | Promoted Captain. |
Aye | Vinal S. | Montezuma | 06/01/65 | 06/19/65 | 1st Liet. | A | ----- |
Waterman | Richard M. | Lodi | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | A | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Lowery | William S. | Montezuma | 11/09/61 | 12/01/61 | 2nd Lieut. | A | Resigned 04/16/1862. |
Ford | Augustus C. | Montezuma | 04/01/62 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | A | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Terry | Charles E. | Henderson, KY | 04/20/62 | 05/03/62 | 2nd Lieut. | A | Resigned 04/14/1863. |
Cook | John | Rockville | 06/01/63 | 07/04/63 | 2nd Lieut. | A | Resigned 09/23/1864. |
Blair | John | Rockville | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | A | ----- |
Winans | Isaac N. | Cuba | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | B | Resigned 11/19/1862. |
Pickens | Francis M. | Cuba | 11/20/62 | 01/04/63 | Captain | B | Resigned 09/14/1864. |
Hammond | Asher P. | Bloomfield | 09/15/64 | 11/11/64 | Captain | B | ----- |
Rose | Allen T. | Spencer | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | B | Promoted Adjuntant. |
Pickens | Francis M. | Cuba | 10/02/63 | 10/02/62 | 1st Lieut. | B | Promoted Captain. |
Haviland | Stephen S. | Spencer | 11/20/62 | 01/04/64 | 1st Lieut. | B | Resigned 09/24/1864. |
Corns | James B. | Spencer | 09/25/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | B | ----- |
Pickens | Francis M. | Cuba | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | B | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Haviland | Stephen S. | Spencer | 10/02/62 | 10/02/62 | 2nd Lieut. | B | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Pickens | James W. | Cuba | 11/20/62 | 01/04/63 | 2nd Lieut. | B | Died of wounds, 01/07/1863. |
Wells | James K. | Cuba | 01/08/63 | 03/14/63 | 2nd Lieut. | B | Resigned 09/30/1864. |
Woodburn | James M. | Cuba | 06/29/01 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | B | ----- |
Mewhinney | Jeremiah | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | C | Died 06/24/1864. |
Morris | Joseph F. | Riley | 06/25/64 | ---- | Captain | C | ----- |
Noble | George M. | Greencastle | 09/13/64 | 11/11/64 | Captain | C | Resigned 06/12/1865. |
Ryman | William T. | Terre Haute | 06/13/65 | ---- | Captain | C | ----- |
Hawkins | Harlan P. | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | C | Resigned 01/23/1862. |
Morris | Joseph F. | Riley | 02/08/62 | 02/14/62 | 1st Lieut. | C | Resigned 09/12/64. |
Mahan | Leonard H. | Terre Haute | 06/25/64 | 09/13/64 | 1st Lieut. | C | Resigned 04/06/1865. |
Ryman | William T. | Terre Haute | 04/07/65 | 05/01/65 | 1st Lieut. | C | Promoted Captain. |
Aterburn | John C. | Terre Haute | 07/01/65 | ---- | 1st Lieut. | C | ----- |
Morris | Joseph F. | Riley | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | C | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Ray | Lucien | Riley | 02/08/62 | 02/14/62 | 2nd Lieut. | C | Died 04/11/1864. |
Mahan | Leonard H. | Terre Haute | 05/01/64 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | C | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Ryman | William T. | Terre Haute | 11/28/64 | 12/01/64 | 2nd Lieut. | C | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Aterburn | John C. | Terre Haute | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | C | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Wyth | Henry E. | Terre Haute | 08/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | C | ----- |
Walls | James A. | Sullivan | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | D | Resigned 07/10/1862. |
Neff | Francis L. | Sullivan | 07/31/62 | 08/05/62 | Captain | D | Promoted Major. |
Reed | Craven P. | Sullivan | 02/11/63 | 02/17/63 | Captain | D | Promoted Major. |
Neff | Francis L. | Sullivan | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | D | Promoted Captain. |
Reed | Craven P. | Sullivan | 05/19/62 | 05/18/62 | 1st Lieut. | D | Promoted Captain. |
Mason | Samuel F. | Sullivan | 02/11/63 | 02/17/63 | 1st Lieut. | D | Resigned 11/04/1864. |
Hughes | William E. | Sullivan | 12/01/64 | 12/26/64 | 1st Lieut. | D | Resigned 06/06/1865. |
Ayres | John H. | Sullivan | 06/01/65 | ---- | 1st Lieut. | D | ----- |
Reed | Craven P. | Sullivan | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | D | Promoted 1st. Lieutenant. |
Clark | John N. | Sullivan | 05/19/62 | 05/18/62 | 2nd Lieut. | D | Resigned 11/25/1862. |
Power | Charles A. | Sullivan | 04/01/63 | 04/01/63 | 2nd Lieut. | D | Rsigned 11/20/1864. |
Dudley | William G. | Sullivan | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | D | ----- |
Welsh | John S. | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | E | Died. |
Fairbanks | William H. | Terre Haute | 01/03/62 | 01/11/62 | Captain | E | Promoted Major |
Scott | Samuel C. | Terre Haute | 07/16/62 | 11/12/63 | Captain | E | Resigned 09/21/1864. |
Fielding | Timothy | Terre Haute | 09/22/64 | 11/11/64 | Captain | E | ----- |
Fairbanks | William H. | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | E | Promoted Captain. |
Brooks | Francis | Terre Haute | 01/03/62 | 01/11/62 | 1st Lieut. | E | Resig'd 07/10/62; re-ent'd as Cap't in 85th R |
Scott | Samuel C. | Terre Haute | 07/11/62 | 08/03/62 | 1st Lieut. | E | Promoted Captain. |
Fielding | Timothy | Terre Haute | 07/16/63 | 11/11/63 | 1st Lieut. | E | Promoted Captain. |
Ross | Samuel | Terre Haute | 09/22/64 | 11/12/64 | 1st Lieut. | E | ----- |
Brooks | Francis | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | E | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Scott | Samuel C. | Terre Haute | 01/03/62 | 01/11/62 | 2nd Lieut. | E | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Fielding | Timothy | Terre Haute | 07/11/62 | 08/03/62 | 2nd Lieut. | E | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Brown | John W. | Terre Haute | 11/28/64 | 12/01/64 | 2nd Lieut. | E | ----- |
Squire | William B. | Jasonville | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | F | Resig'd 12/31/61; re-ent'd as Ast.Surg. 14th |
Smith | John T. | Bloomfield | 01/04/62 | 01/04/62 | Captain | F | Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. |
Lease | William J. | Bloomfield | 02/11/63 | 02/18/63 | Captain | F | Killed at Chicamauga, 09/19/1863. |
Brown | Lewis W. | Bloomfield | 09/20/63 | 12/02/63 | Captain | F | Resigned 11/17/1864. |
Dodd | Jesse R. | Bloomfield | 03/01/65 | 05/01/65 | Captain | F | ----- |
Smith | John T. | Bloomfield | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | F | Promoted Captain. |
Thompson | William | Wright | 01/04/62 | 01/04/62 | 1st Lieut. | F | Resig'd 07/12/62; died 07/21/1862. |
Lease | William J. | Bloomfield | 07/13/62 | 07/12/62 | 1st Lieut. | F | Promoted Captain. |
Brown | Lewis W. | Bloomfield | 02/11/63 | 02/18/63 | 1st Lieut. | F | Promoted Captain. |
Hammond | Asher P. | Bloomfield | 09/20/63 | 12/02/63 | 1st Lieut. | F | Promoted Captain Co. "B". |
Fee | James F. | Bloomington | 09/15/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | F | Transferred to Co. "G". |
Dodd | Jesse R. | Bloomfield | 10/15/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | F | Promoted Captain. |
Smith | William G. | Bloomfield | 03/01/65 | 05/01/65 | 1st Lieut. | F | ----- |
Thompson | William | Wright | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | F | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Beeler | James C. | Terre Haute | 01/04/62 | 01/04/62 | 2nd Lieut. | F | Promoted Quartermaster. |
Lease | William J. | Bloomfield | 04/26/62 | 04/26/62 | 2nd Lieut. | F | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Brown | Lewis W. | Bloomfield | 07/13/62 | 07/13/62 | 2nd Lieut. | F | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Hammond | Asher P. | Bloomfield | 02/11/63 | 02/18/63 | 2nd Lieut. | F | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Smith | William G. | Bloomfield | 10/15/64 | 11/12/64 | 2nd Lieut. | F | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Moore | John S. | Bloomfield | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | F | ----- |
McCalla | Henry L. | Bloomington | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | G | Dishonorably discharged 11/24/1862. |
Grimes | Silas | Bloomington | 10/02/62 | 10/02/62 | Captain | G | Promoted Major. |
Roddy | Joseph B. | Bloomington | 09/13/64 | 11/17/64 | Captain | G | ----- |
Grimes | Silas | Bloomington | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | G | Promoted Captain. |
Roddy | Joseph B. | Bloomington | 10/02/62 | 10/02/62 | 1st Lieut. | G | Promoted Captain Co. "H". |
McKinzie | Bailey G. | Owensburgh | 09/13/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | G | Promoted Captain Co. "H". |
Fee | James F. | Bloomington | 09/15/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | G | ----- |
Berry | William C. | Bloomington | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | G | Resigned 08/30/1862. |
McPhetridge | John G. | Bloomington | 10/02/61 | 10/02/61 | 2nd Lieut. | G | Resigned 10/10/1863. |
Fee | James F. | Bloomington | 02/22/64 | 04/12/64 | 2nd Lieut. | G | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Glenn | William T. | Bloomington | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | G | ----- |
Beatty | John | Owensburgh | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | H | Resigned 11/16/1862. |
Brown | Noah | Owensburgh | 11/18/61 | 01/22/63 | Captain | H | Resigned 09/12/1864. |
Roddy | Joseph B. | Bloomington | 09/12/64 | 11/17/64 | Captain | H | Transferred to Co. "G". |
McKinzie | Bailey G. | Owensburgh | 03/01/65 | 05/01/65 | Captain | H | ----- |
Brown | Noah | Owensburgh | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | H | Promoted Captain. |
Hatfield | Francis M. | Owensburgh | 11/18/62 | 01/22/63 | 1st Lieut. | H | Resigned 09/30/1864. |
Dodd | Jesse R. | Bloomfield | 10/15/64 | ---- | 1st Lieut. | H | Transferred to Co. "F". |
McKinzie | Bailey G. | Owensburgh | 09/13/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | H | Promoted Captain. |
Fields | Martin | Owensburgh | 03/01/65 | 05/26/65 | 1st Lieut. | H | Revoked. |
Hunter | David C. | Bloomington | 05/01/65 | ---- | 1st Lieut. | H | ----- |
Hatfield | Francis M. | Owensburgh | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | H | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
McKinney | Asa W. | Owensburgh | 11/18/62 | 01/22/63 | 2nd Lieut. | H | Promoted Assistant Surgeon. |
McKinzie | Bailey G. | Owensburgh | 05/30/63 | 06/29/63 | 2nd Lieut. | H | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Smith | William G. | Bloomfield | 10/15/64 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | H | Transferred to Co. "F". |
Hunter | David C. | Bloomington | 10/15/64 | 11/14/64 | 2nd Lieut. | H | Resigned 05/15/1865. |
Foredyce | Sanford A. | Owensburgh | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | H | ----- |
Harvey | George | Rockville | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | I | Killed 04/06/1862, at Shiloh. |
Hallowell | James R. | Bellmore | 04/10/62 | 04/15/62 | Captain | I | Promoted Major. |
Adamson | Charles E. | Rockville | 09/01/64 | 11/11/64 | Captain | I | ----- |
Geiger | William M. | Rockville | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | I | Resigned 01/07/1862. |
Hallowell | James R. | Bellmore | 02/07/62 | 01/07/62 | 1st Lieut. | I | Promoted Captain. |
Adamson | Charles E. | Rockville | 04/10/62 | 04/23/62 | 1st Lieut. | I | Promoted Captain. |
Welch | John H. | Rockville | 09/01/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | I | Resigned 06/18/1865. |
Cord | Henry C. | Bethany | 07/01/65 | ---- | 1st Lieut. | I | ----- |
Hallowell | James R. | Bellmore | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | I | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Adamson | Charles E. | Rockville | 02/07/62 | 02/10/62 | 2nd Lieut. | I | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Pike | John N. | Rockville | 04/10/62 | 04/20/62 | 2nd Lieut. | I | Died 04/16/1863. |
Connelly | Jesse B. | Annapolis | 04/17/63 | 05/21/63 | 2nd Lieut. | I | Resigned 04/09/1864. |
McKey | Phinis W. | Annapolis | 11/28/64 | 12/01/64 | 2nd Lieut. | I | Resigned 05/29/1865. |
Cord | Henry B. | Bethany | 06/01/65 | 06/06/65 | 2nd Lieut. | I | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Lambert | Morris L. | Bethany | 08/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | I | ----- |
Smith | Charles M. | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | Captain | K | Promoted Major. |
Ross | Clifford W. | Terre Haute | 05/19/62 | 05/19/62 | Captain | K | Resig'd 08/30/62;re-ent'd as Capt. 156th Regt |
Cox | Nathaniel A. | Terre Haute | 10/01/62 | 10/01/62 | Captain | K | Resigned 03/13/1863. |
Hager | George L. | Terre Haute | 03/14/63 | 03/19/63 | Captain | K | Resigned 09/24/1863. |
Douglass | Henry C. | Terre Haute | 09/25/64 | 11/11/64 | Captain | K | ----- |
Hamilton | James | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 1st Lieut. | K | Resigned. |
Cox | Nathaniel A. | Terre Haute | 07/01/62 | 07/01/62 | 1st Lieut. | K | Promoted Captain. |
Hager | George L. | Terre Haute | 10/01/62 | 10/01/62 | 1st Lieut. | K | Promoted Captain. |
Douglass | Henry C. | Terre Haute | 03/14/63 | 03/19/63 | 1st Lieut. | K | Promoted Captain. |
Anderson | Robert | Terre Haute | 09/25/64 | 11/11/64 | 1st Lieut. | K | ----- |
Woodall | Robert | Terre Haute | 09/05/61 | 09/05/61 | 2nd Lieut. | K | Resig'd 06/03/62; reent'd as 1st Lt. 4th Cav. |
Hager | George L. | Terre Haute | 07/01/62 | 07/01/62 | 2nd Lieut. | K | Promoted 1st Lieutenant. |
Grubbs | James S. | Terre Haute | 01/01/63 | 01/01/63 | 2nd Lieut. | K | Resig'd 09/20/64; reent'd as 1st Lt. 156th R. |
Keenan | Daniel F. | Terre Haute | 06/01/65 | ---- | 2nd Lieut. | K | ----- |
This page was created by Dennis Hutchinson on Sunday, August 30, 1998.